Selenium Web Driver Command List

Command;                                                       Description

driver.get("http://www.google.com"); To open an application
driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id")); Finding Element using Id
driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")); Finding Element using Name
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id=’passwd-id’]")); Finding Element using Xpath
element.sendKeys("some text"); To type some data
element.clear(); clear the contents of a text field or text area
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select")); Selecting the value
select.findElements(By.tagName("option")); Selecting the value
select.deselectAll(); This will deselect all Option's from the first SELECT on the page
select.selectByVisibleText("Edam"); select the OPTION with the displayed text of “Edam”
findElement(By.id("submit")).click(); To click on Any button/Link
driver.switchTo().window("windowName"); Moving from one window to another window
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName"); swing from frame to frame (or into iframes)
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName.0.child"); to access sub-frames by separating the path with a dot, and you can specify the frame by its index too.
driver.switchTo().alert(); Handling Alerts
driver.navigate().to("http://www.example.com"); To Navigate Particular URL
driver.navigate().forward(); To Navigate Forward
driver.navigate().back(); To Navigate Backward
driver.close() Closes the current window
driver.quit() Quits the driver and closes every associated window.
driver.switch_to_alert() Switches focus to an alert on the page.
driver.refresh() Refreshes the current page.
driver.implicitly_wait(30) Amount of time to wait
driver.set_script_timeout(30) The amount of time to wait
driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png') The full path you wish to save your screenshot to
driver.get_screenshot_as_base64() Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string which is useful in embedded images in HTML

Difference between keyword driven and data driven framework ?

Data-Driven Testing
Simple test scripts have test data embedded into them. This leads to a problem that when test data needs to be updated actual script code must be changed. This might not be a big deal for the person who originally implemented the script but for a test engineer not having much programming experience the task is not so easy. If the script is long and non-structured the task is hard for everyone. Another problem with having the test data inside test scripts is that creating similar tests with slightly different test data always requires programming. The task may be easy original script can be copied and test data edited but at least some programming knowledge is still required. This kind of reuse is also problematic because one particular change in the tested system may require updating all scripts. Because of these problems embedding test data into scripts is clearly not a viable solution when building larger test automation frameworks. A better approach is reading the test data from external data sources and executing test based on it. This approach is called data-driven testing External test-data must be easily editable by test engineers without any programming skills. It is often in tabular format and edited in spreadsheet programs.

Keyword-Driven Testing
Previous section introduced data-driven testing and stated that it has multiple promises. It also mentioned that its biggest limitation is that all test cases are similar and creating totally new tests requires programming effort. A solution for this limitation, among others, is the keyword-driven approach where not only the test data but also directives telling what to do with the data are taken from test scripts and put into external input files. These directives are called keywords and test engineers can use them to construct test cases freely. The basic idea reading test data from external files and running tests based on it stays the same as in data-driven testing. keyword-driven testing is a logical extension to data-driven testing. 


Data Driven Framework :
It is nothing but data driven test, performing the same functionality with multiple input values by using parametrization with the help of data table or data source is called Data Driven Test.

Keyword Driven Framework :
It is nothing but keyword driven test or keyword view, used for parametrization.
It is dividing into 4 parts.
1. item     2. operation     3. value      4. documentation     ----> in QTP 8.2
In QTP 6.5 keyword view is nothing but Tree View. It displays the list of objects along with logical names.

Parametrization:
passing the run-time input values with the help of data-table or data-source is called parametrization.
Any queries

prashantlogic@gmail.com

Difference Between JUnit And TestNG Annotations

Difference Between JUnit And TestNG Annotations
Features	JUnit Annotations	TestNG Annotations
Test annotation.	@Test	@Test
Run before all test in this suite have run.	--	@BeforeSuite
Run after all test in this suite have run.	--	@AfterSuite
Run before the test.	--	@BeforeTest
Run after the test.	--	@AfterTest
Run before the first test method that belongs to any of these group is invoked.	--	@BeforeGroup
Run after the last test method that belongs to any of these group is invoked.	--	@AfterGroup
Run before the first test method in the current class is invoked.	@BeforeClass	@BeforeClass
Run after all the test method in the current class have been run.	@AfterClass	@AfterClass
Run before each test method.	@Before	@BeforeMethod
Run after each test method.	@After	@AfterMethod
IgnoreTest	@ignore	@Test(enable=false)
Expected Exception	@Test(Expected=ArithmeticException.Class)	@Test(ExpectedExceptions=ArithmeticException.Class)
TimeOut	@Test(timeout=1000)	@Test(timeout=1000)
Thanks	From	Prashant Chauhan

5 Questions You Should Never Ask in a Job Interview

Could these words be costing you your dream job?

By Catherine Conlan, Monster Contributing Writer

Hiring managers and HR pros will often close out a job interview by asking an applicant if he or she has any questions themselves. This is a great opportunity to find out more about the job and the company's expectations, but you can't forget that the interviewer hasn't stopped judging YOU. Here are 5 questions that can make a bad impression on your interviewer, scuttling your chances for getting the job.

1. When will I be promoted ?

This is one of the most common questions that applicants come up with, and it should be avoided, says Rebecca Woods, Vice President of Human Resources at Doherty Employer Services in Minneapolis. "It's inappropriate because it puts the cart before the horse."  Instead of asking when the promotion will occur, Woods says a better approach is to ask what you would need to do to get a promotion.

2. What's the salary for this position ?

Asking about salary and benefits in the first interview "always turns me off," says Norma Beasant, founder of Talento Human Resources Consulting and an HR consultant at the University of Minnesota. "I'm always disappointed when they ask this, especially in the first interview." Beasant says the first interview is more about selling yourself to the interviewer, and that questions about salary and benefits should really wait until a later interview.

3. When can I expect a raise ?

Talking about compensation can be difficult, but asking about raises is not the way to go about it, Woods says. So many companies have frozen salaries and raises that it makes more sense to ask about the process to follow or what can be done to work up to higher compensation level. Talking about "expecting" a raise, Woods says, "shows a person is out of touch with reality."

4. What sort of flextime options do you have ?

This kind of question can make it sound like you're interested in getting out of the office as much as possible. "When I hear this question, I'm wondering, are you interested in the job?" Beasant says. Many companies have many options for scheduling, but asking about it in the first interview is "not appropriate," Beasant says.

5. Any question that shows you haven't been listening. 

Woods said she interviewed an applicant for a position that was 60 miles from the person's home. Woods told the applicant that the company was flexible about many things, but it did not offer telecommuting. "At the end of the interview, she asked if she would be able to work from home," Woods says. "Was she even listening? So some 'bad questions' can be more situational to the interview itself."

With the economy the way it is, employers are much more choosy and picky, Beasant says. Knowing the questions to avoid in an interview can help you stand out -- in a good way.

The Difference Between Cookies and Sessions.

The main difference between cookies and sessions is that cookies are stored in the user's browser, and sessions are not. This difference determines what each is best used for.

A cookie can keep information in the user's browser until deleted. If a person has a login and password, this can be set as a cookie in their browser so they do not have to re-login to your website every time they visit. You can store almost anything in a browser cookie. The trouble is that a user can block cookies or delete them at any time. If, for example, your website's shopping cart utilized cookies, and a person had their browser set to block them, then they could not shop at your website.

Sessions are not reliant on the user allowing a cookie. They work instead like a token allowing access and passing information while the user has their browser open. The problem with sessions is that when you close your browser you also lose the session. So, if you had a site requiring a login, this couldn't be saved as a session like it could as a cookie, and the user would be forced to re-login every time they visit.

You can of course get the best of both worlds! Once you know what each does, you can use a combination of cookies and sessions to make your site work exactly the way you want it to.

Networking Definition

1. SMTP: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a set of standard Internet procedures by which two email providers (ex. Gmail, Yahoo Mail), transfer email messages to one another’s mail servers.
2. domain: A domain is a name for an IP address and is more commonly recognized as a website or web address. For example, Google.com is a domain.
3. SSL: SSL (secure socket layer) is a way of changing data such as your username and password into code as it travels across the Internet, so that the data will be secure and private.
4. ISP: An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company (ex. AOL, AT&T, and Comcast) that gives your computer Internet access. ISPs are usually the companies that come to your house and set up all the wires.
5. TLS: TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a way of changing data such as your username and password into code as it travels across the Internet, so that the data will be secure and private. With mail delivery, TLS begins with an unsecured connection to the mail servers, and then upgrades to a secure connection once information is sent.
6. POP: POP (Post office protocol) is a one-way download of your messages that allows you to access your mail with a mail program like Outlook Express or Apple Mail. POP only offers one-way communication, which means that actions you take in the mail program (like marking a message as read) won’t be synced to Gmail.
7. IMAP: IMAP (Internet message access protocol) lets you download messages from Gmail so you can access your mail with a program like Outlook Express or Apple Mail. IMAP syncs the actions you take in Outlook Express or Apple Mail with Gmail so if you read a message in your mail client, it'll be marked as read in Gmail.

Switching Frame and Windows in WebDriver sample code

1> Switch to different Frames:

 List<WebElement> frameset = driver.findElements(By.tagName("frame"));  
 if(frameset.size()>0) {  
 for (WebElement framename : frameset){  
 System.out.println("frameid: " + framename.getAttribute("name"));  
 }  
 }  
 else System.out.println("can not find any frame in HTML");  

Notice when you set the frame index, it starts with 0 for the first frame:

 driver.switchTo().frame(0);  

2> Switch to different Windows:

 Set<string> handlers = driver.getWindowHandles();  
 if (driver.getWindowHandles().size()>= 1){  
 for(String handler : handlers){  
 driver.switchTo().window(handler);  
 if (driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("Popup")){  
 System.out.println("Get focus on Popup window");  
 break;  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 else System.out.println("No windows founded!");  

Writing a common function based you own app for switching will be more helpful for your Code Clean!